Comparative Genomic Analysis of Phytopathogenic Xanthomonas Species Suggests High Level of Genome Plasticity Related to Virulence and Host Adaptation

Xanthomonas bacteria are known phytopathogens difficult to control in the field, which cause great losses many economically important crops. Genomic islands fragments acquired by horizontal transference that for evolution and adaptation diverse ecological niches. Virulence pathogenicity (PAIs) enhance molecular mechanisms related host adaptation. In this work, we have analyzed 81 genomes belonging X. campestris, a complex group of citri, axonopodis, fuscans nine different pathovars three subspecies, analyze compare their genomic contents. pan-genome is open has massive accessory genome. Each genome showed between 15 exclusive PAIs, well conserved through strains same pathovar or subspecies. axonopodis pv. anacardii had higher general similarity citri subsp. aurantifolii, with few PAIs were shared. synteny was even almost all strains, rearrangements found anacardii. The prophage regions identified mostly questionable incomplete, PAI13 campestris ATCC33913 matched region 19 transposable elements. Finally, pathovar-specific, requiring individual strategies combat.